Divisors of function fields¶

Sage allows extensive computations with divisors on global function fields.

EXAMPLES:

The divisor of an element of the function field is the formal sum of poles and zeros of the element with multiplicities:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(t^3 + x^3*t + x)
sage: f = x/(y+1)
sage: f.divisor()
- Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x)
 + Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x^2*y + 1)
 + 3*Place (x, y)
 - Place (x^3 + x + 1, y + 1)

The Riemann-Roch space of a divisor can be computed. We can get a basis of the space as a vector space over the constant field:

sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
sage: q = L.places_infinite()[0]
sage: (3*p + 2*q).basis_function_space()
[1/x*y^2 + x^2, 1, 1/x]

We verify the Riemann-Roch theorem:

sage: D = 3*p - q
sage: index_of_speciality = len(D.basis_differential_space())
sage: D.dimension() == D.degree() - L.genus() + 1 + index_of_speciality
True

AUTHORS:

Kwankyu Lee (2017-04-30): initial version

class sage.rings.function_field.divisor.DivisorGroup(field)¶

Bases: sage.structure.unique_representation.UniqueRepresentation, sage.structure.parent.Parent

Groups of divisors of function fields.

INPUT:

field – function field

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); _.<t> = PolynomialRing(K)
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2 - x^3 - 1)
sage: F.divisor_group()
Divisor group of Function field in y defined by y^2 + 4*x^3 + 4

Element¶: alias of FunctionFieldDivisor

function_field()¶

Return the function field to which the divisor group is attached.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); _.<t> = PolynomialRing(K)
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2 - x^3 - 1)
sage: G = F.divisor_group()
sage: G.function_field()
Function field in y defined by y^2 + 4*x^3 + 4

class sage.rings.function_field.divisor.FunctionFieldDivisor(parent, data)¶

Bases: sage.structure.element.ModuleElement

Divisors of function fields.

INPUT:

parent – divisor group
data – dict of place and multiplicity pairs

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^3 - x^2*(x^2 + x + 1)^2)
sage: f = x/(y+1)
sage: f.divisor()
Place (1/x, 1/x^4*y^2 + 1/x^2*y + 1)
 + Place (1/x, 1/x^2*y + 1)
 + 3*Place (x, (1/(x^3 + x^2 + x))*y^2)
 - 6*Place (x + 1, y + 1)

basis_differential_space()¶

Return a basis of the space of differentials \(\Omega(D)\) for the divisor \(D\).

EXAMPLES:

We check the Riemann-Roch theorem:

sage: K.<x>=FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y>=K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: d = 3*L.places()[0]
sage: l = len(d.basis_function_space())
sage: i = len(d.basis_differential_space())
sage: l == d.degree() + 1 - L.genus() + i
True

basis_function_space()¶

Return a basis of the Riemann-Roch space of the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2 - x^3 - 1)
sage: O = F.maximal_order()
sage: I = O.ideal(x-2)
sage: D = I.divisor()
sage: D.basis_function_space()
[x/(x + 3), 1/(x + 3)]

degree()¶

Return the degree of the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: p1,p2 = L.places()[:2]
sage: D = 2*p1 - 3*p2
sage: D.degree()
-1

dict()¶

Return the dictionary representing the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: f = x/(y+1)
sage: D = f.divisor()
sage: D.dict()
{Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x): -1,
 Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x^2*y + 1): 1,
 Place (x, y): 3,
 Place (x^3 + x + 1, y + 1): -1}

differential_space()¶

Return the vector space of the differential space \(\Omega(D)\) of the divisor \(D\).

OUTPUT:

a vector space isomorphic to \(\Omega(D)\)
an isomorphism from the vector space to the differential space
the inverse of the isomorphism

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2 - x^3 - 1)
sage: O = F.maximal_order()
sage: I = O.ideal(x - 2)
sage: P1 = I.divisor().support()[0]
sage: Pinf = F.places_infinite()[0]
sage: D = -3*Pinf + P1
sage: V, from_V, to_V = D.differential_space()
sage: all(to_V(from_V(e)) == e for e in V)
True

dimension()¶

Return the dimension of the Riemann-Roch space of the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); R.<t> = PolynomialRing(K)
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2-x^3-1)
sage: O = F.maximal_order()
sage: I = O.ideal(x-2)
sage: P1 = I.divisor().support()[0]
sage: Pinf = F.places_infinite()[0]
sage: D = 3*Pinf+2*P1
sage: D.dimension()
5

function_space()¶

Return the vector space of the Riemann-Roch space of the divisor.

OUTPUT:

a vector space, an isomorphism from the vector space to the Riemann-Roch space, and its inverse.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(5)); R.<t> = PolynomialRing(K)
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^2-x^3-1)
sage: O = F.maximal_order()
sage: I = O.ideal(x-2)
sage: D = I.divisor()
sage: V, from_V, to_V = D.function_space()
sage: all(to_V(from_V(e)) == e for e in V)
True

list()¶

Return the list of place and multiplicity pairs of the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: f = x/(y+1)
sage: D = f.divisor()
sage: D.list()
[(Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x), -1),
 (Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x^2*y + 1), 1),
 (Place (x, y), 3),
 (Place (x^3 + x + 1, y + 1), -1)]

multiplicity(place)¶

Return the multiplicity of the divisor at the place.

INPUT:

place – place of a function field

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: p1,p2 = L.places()[:2]
sage: D = 2*p1 - 3*p2
sage: D.multiplicity(p1)
2
sage: D.multiplicity(p2)
-3

support()¶

Return the support of the divisor.

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: f = x/(y+1)
sage: D = f.divisor()
sage: D.support()
[Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x),
 Place (1/x, 1/x^3*y^2 + 1/x^2*y + 1),
 Place (x, y),
 Place (x^3 + x + 1, y + 1)]

valuation(place)¶

Return the multiplicity of the divisor at the place.

INPUT:

place – place of a function field

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(4)); _.<Y>=K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^3+x+x^3*Y)
sage: p1,p2 = L.places()[:2]
sage: D = 2*p1 - 3*p2
sage: D.multiplicity(p1)
2
sage: D.multiplicity(p2)
-3

sage.rings.function_field.divisor.divisor(field, data)¶

Construct a divisor from the data.

INPUT:

field – function field
data – dictionary of place and multiplicity pairs

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^3 - x^2*(x^2 + x + 1)^2)
sage: from sage.rings.function_field.divisor import divisor
sage: p, q, r = F.places()
sage: divisor(F, {p: 1, q: 2, r: 3})
Place (1/x, 1/x^2*y + 1)
 + 2*Place (x, (1/(x^3 + x^2 + x))*y^2)
 + 3*Place (x + 1, y + 1)

sage.rings.function_field.divisor.prime_divisor(field, place, m=1)¶

Construct a prime divisor from the place.

INPUT:

field – function field
place – place of the function field
m – (default: 1) a positive integer; multiplicity at the place

EXAMPLES:

sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); R.<t> = K[]
sage: F.<y> = K.extension(t^3 - x^2*(x^2 + x + 1)^2)
sage: p = F.places()[0]
sage: from sage.rings.function_field.divisor import prime_divisor
sage: d = prime_divisor(F, p)
sage: 3 * d == prime_divisor(F, p, 3)
True

Divisors of function fields¶

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